Legend erroneously attributes the word to the French Intervention of the 1860s, explaining it as a corruption of the French word mariage, and citing a similarity between mariachi (or its archaic variant, mariache) and the French word for wedding. The now-extinct Coca language of central Jalisco is that most frequently cited as its probable source. The consensus of modern scholars is that the word mariachi is indigenous to Mexico. The gala version of this suit worn by contemporary mariachis – with its tightly-fitting ornamented pants, short jacket, embroidered belt, boots, wide bow tie, and sombrero – was once the attire of wealthy hacienda owners. When for the first time mariachis could afford to outfit themselves elegantly, they chose the suit of the horseman or traje de charro. After the Revolution of 1910, however, modest uniforms began to appear. Mariachis documented during the second half of the nineteenth century in central western Mexico were commonly associated with the rural fiesta or fandango, and with the tarima or wooden platform upon which couples would dance sones and jarabes, the two most important genres of the early mariachi repertory.Įarly mariachis wore peasant garb and had little concern for dressing alike. The earliest known incontrovertible reference to a mariachi appears in a letter written by priest Cosme Santa Anna in 1852, although the word can be found earlier as a place-name. The early development of mestizo folk music in Mexico is largely undocumented, making speculative any theories on the early evolution of the mariachi. Despite frequent attempts to attribute it to a specific state or town, the exact birthplace of the mariachi remains unknown. The mariachi is native to a region of western Mexico that includes what are today the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Michoacán, and Colima extending as far north as Sinaloa and Durango and as far south as Guerrero. Many regional traditions of mestizo folk music, including that of the mariachi, resulted from the ensuing cultural and musical blending of indigenous and foreign elements. With the importation of large numbers of black slaves, African music was also brought to Mexico during the early colonial period. Natives, who had their own highly developed musical traditions, quickly mastered European musical practices.
Among their instruments were the harp and the vihuela, prototypes of those later used by the mariachi.
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Professional musicians accompanied Hernán Cortés when he arrived in what is now Mexico in 1519. Mariachi groups are currently found in many countries around the world. Since the 1930s, the mariachi has been widely considered the quintessential Mexican folk-derived musical ensemble, and has become an institution symbolic of Mexican music and culture. (3) adjective A genre or style related to the mariachi, e.g., mariachi music, mariachi trumpet. (2) noun An individual musician member of a mariachi group (synonym: mariachero). (1) noun A specific type of Mexican musical group or ensemble.
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